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AC9LG8U02
Understanding systems of language
apply understanding of grammatical structures and expressions to compose and respond to texts
Elaborations
- AC9LG8U02_E1<p>noting that German grammar underwent changes in spelling and punctuation in the official <em>Rechtschreibreform</em>, requiring, for example, <em>β</em> to be used only after long vowel sounds or diphthongs, such as <em>Fuβball, Spaβ, weiβ</em>, except in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, which do not use the <em>β</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E2applying German punctuation and spelling rules in writing and systematically editing their own and others’ written work
- AC9LG8U02_E3<p>applying knowledge of the German case system (nominative, accusative, dative and some genitive), and using definite and indefinite articles, personal pronouns, including <em>man</em>, and possessive, demonstrative and interrogative adjectives such as <em>ihr, sein, unser, dieser, jeder and welcher</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E4<p>selecting and using the appropriate forms of personal pronouns such as <em>du/ ihr/ Sie</em>, and its possessive adjective equivalents <em>dein/ euer/ Ihr</em>, according to the audience, for example, <em>Sind Sie Frau Wagner? Hast du dein Geld mit?</em> and selecting the correct personal pronoun for ‘it’, <em>er/sie/es/ihn</em>, for objects, for example, <em>Woher hast du den Hut? Er ist sehr schön, Ich habe ihn bei … gekauft.</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E5<p>understanding the relationship between word gender, article and case and the adjectival ending, and applying this when describing people, objects, places and events, for example, <em>Mein Freund hat lange, schwarze Haare und trägt einen kleinen Ohrring, Es gibt keinen Sportplatz.</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E6<p>making comparisons, including the superlative, for example, <em>Deutsch ist schwieriger als Englisch aber Mathe ist am schwierigsten, Ich esse lieber Salat als Fleisch, Kaffee ist nicht so gesund wie Wasser</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E7<p>using adverbs of frequency to describe events in the past, for example, <em>vorgestern, früher, immer, ab und zu, niemals</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E8<p>referring to quantities of people, time and things using cardinal numbers up to a billion and the 24-hour clock, for example, <em>Es gibt 7,3 Millionen Einwohner, Das Konzert beginnt um 21.45 Uhr</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E9<p>describing current, recurring and future actions using regular, irregular and modal verbs in the present tense, and past actions using a limited range of common verbs in present perfect tense, for example, <em>Er sieht viel fern. Ich muss meine Hausaufgaben machen. Nächstes Jahr bekommen wir neue Laptops. Ich habe meine Hausaufgaben nicht gemacht, denn ich war am Wochenende krank.</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E10<p>using reflexive verbs in present tense with their appropriate accusative reflexive pronouns to describe daily routines and express emotions and interests, for example, <em>Ich wasche mich morgens, Interessierst du dich für Geschichte? Wir freuen uns auf die Ferien</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E11<p>selecting and conjugating a range of German modal verbs, for example, <em>Wir müssen eine Schuluniform tragen, Man darf hier nicht essen, Du kannst Volleyball spielen</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E12<p>applying understanding of a limited range of separable and inseparable verbs and recognising that the prefix alters the meaning of the base verb, for example, <em>Er kommt um 17.15 Uhr, Kommst du mit?, Ich bekomme manchmal Geld zum Geburtstag</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E13<p>understanding and applying the ‘verb as second element’ and ‘subject-time-object-manner-place’ (STOMP) word order rules for main clauses and realising that German word order is flexible, allowing other elements apart from the subject to begin the sentence, for example, <em>Langsam verstehe ich mehr Deutsch, Zu Hause ist es oft sehr laut.</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E14<p>understanding and using prepositions, including dative and accusative prepositions in high-frequency contexts, for example, <em>Ich komme aus Australien, Das Eis ist für mich, Der Junge geht zum Bahnhof</em>, and understanding the meaning of and how to use <em>Wechselpräpositionen</em>, for example, <em>Wir gehen ins Kino, Wir sitzen im Kino</em></p>
- AC9LG8U02_E15<p>linking and sequencing events and ideas using a range of cohesive devices, including adverbs such as <em>dann, früher, danach, vorher</em> and coordinating conjunctions such as <em>und, oder, aber, denn, sondern</em>, and common subordinating conjunctions such as <em>als, dass, obwohl, wenn, weil</em>, usually with the subordinate clause after the main clause</p>
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